Recent advances in carbon emission estimation for integrated transportation and energy networks

The transportation and energy sectors collectively account for over half of global carbon emissions, with growing interdependencies driven by transportation electrification. This paper explores how integrating transportation and energy networks can lead to significant carbon reductions. Recent advancements in lifecycle analysis, dynamic modeling, and emerging technologies, such as connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and vehicle-to-grid systems, have significantly improved the accuracy of carbon emission estimates. Smart infrastructure and AI-driven tools further optimize energy and traffic management. Despite progress, challenges remain in scaling solutions, harmonizing technologies, and addressing high infrastructure costs. Future efforts must prioritize hybrid modeling frameworks, decentralized energy systems, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Adaptive policy frameworks and economic incentives are essential to support the widespread adoption of integrated systems. This study highlights the potential of traffic-energy integration to achieve carbon neutrality and offers recommendations for overcoming existing barriers.