Two-stage robust low-carbon scheduling for microgrids considering frequency constraints

As pursuing low-carbon transition, microgrids are facing declining system inertia and potential frequency security issues. This paper proposes a two-stage robust low-carbon scheduling method for microgrids accounting for frequency security. In the day-ahead stage, wind turbines, distributed generators (DGs), energy storage systems (ESS), and carbon capture systems (CCS) are coordinated to deploy sufficient primary frequency regulation reserves while reducing operating costs and carbon emissions. In the intraday stage, controllable resources are re-dispatched to guarantee power balance, carbon emission goal, and frequency stability in the presence of uncertain wind generation. The Column-and-Constraint Generation (C&CG) algorithm is employed to solve the two-stage optimization model iteratively. The proposed method is simulated on the test system to validate its effectiveness in balancing frequency safety and carbon reduction in microgrid operations.