The pathophysiology, commonest presentation and diagnosis of bone metastases in breast cancer patients: Overview

Bony metastases in breast cancer patients are a very common presentation anytime between initial diagnosis to many years post treatment. Despite all available research, there have been very controversial theories about discovering the high-risks patients. Although a lot is known about the mechanism of seeding of breast cancer and growth of the cell in the bones on a molecular basis, there is very limited knowledge of which patients should be the ones requiring closer monitoring. Imaging of bony metastases is often dependent on local possibilities and cost of the service. This review should serve as an overview of current available research and knowledge about pathophysiology, risks factors and diagnostic options of bony metastases.