Challenges and Innovations in Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery Technologies

Last-mile delivery is the final stage of the logistics process in which goods are transferred from a distribution center to the end consumer, typically within an urban area. This phase is not only important for customer satisfaction, but it also has a substantial impact on logistics costs and the environment. As e-commerce expands, traditional last-mile delivery systems' inefficiencies and environmental repercussions, such as traffic congestion and increasing carbon emissions, become more apparent. Sustainable last-mile delivery aims to mitigate these environmental impacts through innovations such as electric vehicles (EVs), self-driving delivery systems, and urban consolidation centers. It seeks to strike a balance between operational efficiency and environmental responsibility by lowering carbon emissions, reducing energy consumption, and optimizing route efficiency. This study will look at the obstacles of attaining sustainability in last-mile delivery, specifically in India. Using secondary data from research articles and industry case studies, the study investigates the primary impediments, such as high costs, limited infrastructure, and regulatory restraints, while also showcasing advancements in sustainable technologies