Invigorating modular integrated construction uptake in Hong Kong: a system dynamics model for simulating policy-driving forces

Purpose This study examines the policy-driving forces (PDFs) influencing the adoption of modular integrated construction (MiC) in Hong Kong (HK). It focuses on understanding how these forces impact MiC implementation across different construction phases, providing insights for policymakers to enhance sector productivity, efficiency and sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Utilising system dynamics (SD) modelling, this research simulates the dynamic influence of PDFs on MiC adoption throughout various construction stages. Data collection involved questionnaires, surveys and case studies, which established the basis for detailed simulation scenarios to understand the timing and impact of PDFs. Findings The results indicate that PDFs exert the most significant influence during the initiation phase of MiC adoption, followed by the construction and planning and/or design phases. Regulative PDFs emerged as the most potent drivers in enhancing MiC uptake at each phase. Based on these insights, the study proposes six strategic recommendations to promote MiC adoption, emphasising the utility of MiC in emergency infrastructures. Originality/value This research introduces a novel application of SD modelling to quantitatively assess the impact of PDFs on MiC adoption in Hong Kong’s construction industry. It provides a dynamic, systematic perspective on policy impacts, offering actionable insights for effective policymaking. Through scenario simulations, this study equips policymakers with the tools to foresee outcomes of policy adjustments, thus enabling informed decisions to foster widespread MiC adoption for sustainable development.