Analyzing Key Factors Influencing Pedestrian Injuries in the Republic of Serbia

In recent years, substantial global efforts have promoted walking as a mode of active transportation because of its health benefits, environmental friendliness, and ability to reduce traffic congestion, among other advantages. However, increased walking also raises the risk of pedestrian injuries through greater exposure to traffic. While numerous studies have investigated the factors influencing pedestrian crash severity in developed countries, comprehensive analyses focusing on low- and middle-income countries remain limited. This study investigated factors influencing pedestrian-injury severity in the Republic of Serbia, using multinomial logistic regression analysis on crash data from 2016 to 2020. Key findings revealed that injury severity is significantly influenced by pedestrian age and gender, crash location, vehicle type, weather and surface conditions, time of day, and land use. Pedestrians over 65, incidents during morning and night periods, crashes involving trucks or buses, collisions on national roads, female pedestrians, and midblock locations are notably associated with higher odds of fatal and serious injuries. To enhance pedestrian safety, the study suggests implementing educational measures targeting older adults and women, focusing on safe road-crossing practices and the use of fluorescent clothing. Engineering interventions should include protective barriers, speed limits, improved lighting, and marked pedestrian crossings at midblock locations. Increased enforcement is recommended during high-risk times and locations, alongside better regulation of truck movements in pedestrian-heavy areas. Emergency medical services improvements are essential for ensuring rapid response to pedestrian crashes. This study underscores the need for advanced models and comprehensive data to better understand pedestrian-injury factors.