Evaluating Western Cultural Content in Chinese Middle School English Textbooks Using the Zone of Proximal Development

With the increasing communication between China and other parts of the world, cross-cultural education has become increasingly important, necessitating the examination of non-Chinese, particularly Western, cultural elements in English education. Vygotsky's “zone of proximal development” (ZPD) theory emphasizes the critical role of development space in students' growth and supports the idea that the inclusion of