Role of Probiotics as Therapy for Acne in Adolescents

Acne is a common dermatological condition in adolescents, primarily influenced by hormonal changes, increased sebum production, and bacterial colonization, particularly Cutibacterium acnes (C.acnes).Recent research suggests that probiotics may offer a promising therapeutic approach by modulating skin microbiota, reducing inflammation, and enhancing the skin barrier.Probiotics such as Streptococcus salivarius, Lactococcus sp.HY449, and Streptococcus thermophiles have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against C. acnes through the production of bacteriocins and the promotion of ceramide synthesis, which strengthens the skin barrier and reduces irritation.Additionally, probiotics may regulate insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a hormone implicated in acne development, particularly in individuals consuming high-glycemic diets.Clinical and in vitro studies indicate that topical and oral probiotics can help restore microbial balance, mitigate inflammation, and improve acne severity.This review explores the mechanisms by which probiotics influence acne pathophysiology and their potential role as a complementary or alternative therapy for adolescent acne management.Further research is needed to establish standardized probiotic strains, dosages, and treatment protocols for optimal therapeutic outcomes.