Comparative assessment of cephalometric and anthropometric parameters in patients with different types of gnathic form of distal occlusion

Orthognathic surgery and modern computer technologies play a key role in improving the aesthetics and functionality of the lower third of the face. It is also important to apply a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with gnathic form of distal occlusion. Objective. To characterize the differences in cephalometric and anthropometric parameters of patients with gnathic form of distal occlusion, divided into hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. Patients and methods. An examination of 100 male and female patients aged 18—45 years with gnathic form of distal occlusion was performed at the Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery of the RUM in the period from September 2022 to August 2023. Cephalometric and anthropometric parameters were assessed based on the results of three-dimensional computed tomography and 3D photography in all patients. Results. The ANB angle has shown no statistically significant differences between the three groups of patients with gnathic form of distal occlusion, while the SNA and SNB angles representing the anteroposterior position of the upper and lower jaws, respectively, have shown significant differences, with higher values in the hypodivergent group compared to the normodivergent and hyperdivergent samples, as well as parameters related to vertical growth type such as «Occ to SN», «Go-Gn to SN» and «Bjork’s angle» have shown significant differences between groups, indicating the distinctive cephalometric characteristics for different vertical growth patterns. Conclusion. The comparative assessment of cephalometric and anthropometric parameters in patients with different types of gnathic form of distal occlusion emphasizes the importance of considering both vertical and anteroposterior growth patterns in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. These results may help in developing more personalized approaches to the treatment of patients with different types of gnathic form of distal occlusion.