Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Cholera Vibrions

Laboratory diagnostics of cholera and study of the properties of the pathogen Vibrio cholerae have not lost their relevance because of migration of populations and the possibility of importing this infection into our country. The emergence of post-genomic technologies opened a new era in the analysis of proteomes and enzyme systems of pathogens and their hosts during the infectious process. The rational use of these methods allows one to improve modern strategies for cholera express-diagnostics and evaluate the effectiveness of the disease treatment. Here, along with a retrospective analysis of the biochemical and genetic principles of the systematization of V. cholerae strains, new data on their metabolic features, which were obtained using MALDI-TOF, nanofluid, and chromatography-mass spectrometry in combination with 2D-electrophoresis and genetic methods, are presented. The structural features of O-antigens V. cholerae Ogava and Inaba and the mechanism of electron transfer along the respiratory chain are considered. The facts clarifying the role of protein kinases and the phosphorylation cascade in metabolic processes under the action of cholera toxin are presented. The inducing effect of the cholera toxin and hemolysin on IL-10-mediated inflammatory responses is described. New data on the role of the phosphoenolpyruvate system in glucose utilization and anaerobic glycolysis in the induction of cholera toxin are discussed. The introduction of the MALDI-TOF technology for biotyping and identification of microorganisms has led to the creation of a database of virtual collections for mass-spectrometric profiles of V. cholerae strains, and its use allows for identifying taxon-specific proteins and virulence markers of the bacterium. For this review, international and Russian databases were used.