Total Thyroidectomy with Harmonic Scalpel Combined with Gelatin Thrombin Hemostatic: A Focus on the Elderly Population—A Multicentric Study

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: With the increasing life expectancy, the frequency of total thyroidectomies in elderly patients has risen, raising concerns regarding hemorrhage and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy compared to the general population. Therefore, considering the frequent alteration of the coagulation status in such patients, innovative methods able to reach an accurate hemostasis appear highly desirable. This retrospective multicentric study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes of patients treated with conventional hemostasis with patients treated with the Harmonic Scalpel (HS) and gelatin-thrombin matrix (Floseal). <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were retrospectively enrolled and categorized into two groups: Group A patients underwent surgery with the Harmonic Scalpel and Floseal, while Group B underwent traditional hemostasis surgery with ligations and monopolar electrocautery. The primary endpoint was the drain output after 24 and 48 h and the presence of significant blood loss. Secondary endpoints included the presence of seroma, wound infection, hematoma, laryngeal nerve palsy, surgery duration, and onset of post-surgical hypocalcemia. <i>Results</i>: From January 2014 to January 2024, 870 individuals participated in the study. Group A (gelatin-thrombin and HS) comprised 502 patients, while Group B (Standard Hemostasis-control group) comprised 368 patients. The 24 h drain output was 52 ± 25 mL in Group A vs. 113 ± 27 mL in Group B, <i>p</i> = 0.003, while the 48 h drain output was 95 ± 29 mL in Group A and 113 ± 27 mL in Group B (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Significant blood loss occurred in eight patients (2.2%) of Group B vs. three cases (0.6%) in Group A (<i>p</i> = 0.039). Also, neck hematoma (<i>p</i> = 0.012), seroma (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and reoperation (<i>p</i> = 0.052) values were significantly lower in Group A. <i>Conclusions</i>: Surgery aided with HS, and gelatin-thrombin was associated with lower major and minor complications compared to the conventional approach, guarantying reduced operative time, ensuring hemostasis, and preserving parathyroid glands, even in elderly patients.