Integrated multi-omics to elucidate the interplay between rumen microorganisms and host metabolism in Hu sheep supplemented with herbal preparations

In this study, we investigated the changes in rumen microbes after supplementation with herbal preparations. We used 16S sequencing and metabolomics approaches to explore changes in rumen contents and serum metabolites and their interrelationships. Our findings revealed marked changes in rumen microbial profiles, including changes in species composition, abundance levels, and metabolic activities induced by herbal supplementation. The increased abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., fixative and proteobacteria) in the rumen was more favorable for their survival and colonization of the rumen. In addition, a surge in the abundance of fermenting carbohydrate and fiber-degrading bacteria was observed. It was also found that the addition of herbal preparations enhanced antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses, nutrient metabolism, immune function, and stimulation of rumen microbial activity as well as facilitated the acceleration of body metabolism in Hu sheep.