Expression of interstitial collagens in fetal membranes and placenta against the background of maternal pathology

Background. The study of pathological changes in the placenta in cases of maternal diseases, such as anemia, preeclampsia, and chorioamnionitis, is essential due to their impact on fetal development and placental function. Despite extensive research, the role of sclerotic changes and collagenogenesis disorders under these conditions remains insufficiently studied. Purpose – to determine the expression of interstitial collagens in fetal membranes and placenta in the presence of maternal pathology to assess its impact on fetal tissue. Materials and Methods. A morphological analysis of 58 placenta samples was conducted, divided into groups based on pathology type (preeclampsia, anemia, chorioamnionitis) and pregnancy term. Immunohistochemical analysis using the indirect Coons method was employed to detect collagens of types I, III, and IV. Results. In groups with preeclampsia, anemia, and chorioamnionitis, decreased expression of type IV collagen in the amniotic membrane and reduced levels of types I and III collagen in villous stroma were observed. Chorioamnionitis showed the most significant decrease in expression levels, associated with enhanced collagen degradation due to proteolytic enzymes in the inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusions. Maternal pathologies lead to collagen formation disorders in fetal mem-branes and placenta, increasing the risk of premature rupture of fetal membranes and causing sclerotic changes in the chorionic villi, especially in cases of chorioamnionitis.