Turgenia latifolia (l.) Hoffm: chemical profiling and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities

Turgenia latifolia is a medicinal plant that has not been studied previously. This study explores the first determination of its chemical profile and biological activities. LC-ESI-MS/MS identified trans-ferulic acid as the main compound in the Et₂O extract (10.012 mg/g) and chlorogenic acid in the EtOAc and BuOH extracts (1.944 mg/g and 3.539 mg/g, respectively). All extracts exhibited greater reducing power than the standards. The BuOH extract excelled in DPPH and reducing power (IC50 = 70.09 µg/mL, A0.5 = 0.83 µg/mL), while the Et₂O extract excelled in o-phenanthroline (A0.5 = 6.34 µg/mL) and showed the highest UV-B protection (SPF = 35.18). The EtOAc and BuOH extracts surpassed acarbose in α-amylase inhibition. The EtOAc extract demonstrated superior inhibition of xanthine oxidase and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 195.18 and 432.42 µg/mL, respectively), while the BuOH extract notably inhibited tyrosinase (IC50 = 360.00 µg/mL) and showed potent protein denaturation inhibition (76.16%). The Et₂O extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC50 = 63.85 and 28.37 µg/mL for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively). These findings highlight the pharmacological potential of T. latifolia as a promising source of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications. KEY WORDS: Biological activities, Breast cancer, Enzyme, Turgenia latifolia, LC-ESI-MS/MS Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(5), 937-953. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i5.10