Enhancing Routing in Wireless Networks Through Cross-Layer Design and MAC Layer Bandwidth Management

The primary goal of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is to extend the life of a network pressing problem that needs fixing. When it comes to Wireless Sensor Networks, saving the limited energy sources requires a modelling of effective solutions. In order to get around these problems, people are taking use of cross-layer guidelines, which optimize routing while making the network last longer. A novel Cross-Layer Cross-Domain Routing architecture based on clustering is presented in this paper. The most critical part is that a novel hybrid method chooses the cluster head optimally. Additionally, metrics like Energy utilization, Delay, the distance, Throughput, Security, and Overhead are used to choose the best cluster heads to use. By analysing active nodes and the network lifetime of dense sensor networks that are wireless, this technique aims to outperform current models in a variety of test circumstances. The book covers the three main types of routing protocols, including proactive enough, reactive in nature and hybrid approaches, and provides examples for each. Creating cross-layer routing algorithms, with bandwidth on hand as a restriction at the sublayer known as MAC in the TCP/IP transport stack, presents important problems and concerns. The suggested approach outperforms the current one in terms of E2E latency, throughput, above, and packet delivery ratio, all of which contribute to better networking reliability and service. In comparison to the AODV approach, the proposed CLDR method outperforms it by a wide margin, reaching a total accuracy of 100%.