Recent Innovations in Patch Antenna Technology for Wearable Biomedical Devices

The design of different wearable antennas for WBAN communication systems has become a vital activity in the advancement of biomedical applications. These antennas need to be optimized for gain, efficiency, bandwidth, and directivity when mounted close to a human body. It is hard to achieve high performance because the size must be in compact form and bandwidth is limited, and besides, the human body has lossy tissue characteristics due to their high permittivity and conductivity values. In this work, various patch antenna designs will be pursued by comparing performances related to different shapes and configurations. This paper also discusses the inclusion of AMC structures in order to avoid losses in radiation efficiency when operating in proximity to the human body, and it shows how AMC-backed antennas improve their gain and stability. By analyzing split-ring resonator-based AMC designs, this work falls into a new perspective for improving the robustness and efficiency of low-profile antennas in biomedical applications and provides new insights into improved WBAN communication reliability and antenna performance in bodycentric wireless communication environments.