Enhancing Qos and Energy Efficiency in Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been leading studies and developments. Sensors, CPUs, and Bluetooth communication modules are in battery-operated remote sensor nodes. WSNs intentionally monitor and gather data on humidity, temperature, illumination, stress, and vibrations. Using wireless transmission, a centralized base station (BS) or gateways sends the data to a centralized server for processing and evaluation. In an evenly distributed network, cluster leaders are elected by maximum remaining energy and minimal base station distance using mobile sensor network methods. Based on simulations, our protocol surpasses LEACH in network lifespan, usage of energy, packet transfer, and rounds. Further FEEC protocols are suggested for WSNs with low properties. FEEC protocol sends statistics from regular stations to a superior cluster head (SCH) for dissemination to the primarily Station. Network efficiency is enhanced by FEEC compared to LEACH, SEP, TSEP, and CAFL. The suggested FEEC protocol with SCH improves network lifespan and packet delivery ratio (PDR) according to simulation findings. Monitoring regions with the base station in the middle or outdoor of the intended field is possible with this protocol. Simulations reveal that including SCH into the suggested FEEC technique increases the network’s lifespan and the delivery of packets ratio, while experiments demonstrate that FEEC beats LEACH, SEP, TSEP, and CAFL with higher packet delivery rates and greater number of active nodes.