Assessing Cyber-Attack Impact in Smart Grid Cyber-Physical Systems with Time-Based Indices

This study presents two new metrics for gauging the effects of cyberattacks. Building a single, easy-to-use platform to evaluate the effects of cyber intrusions on various vital infrastructures across time is its primary goal. The primary metric is the "Service Unavailability Cyber Impact Factor", which may take on values between zero and one; zero signifies a cyber catastrophe and one shows no breach. Accurate information on system downtime or failure is necessary for score estimation. For systems where comprehensive cyber-physical infrastructure details are lacking, it may be used for analysis. A second indicator, "Time Based Cyber Impact Factor (TBCIF)," is similar to SUCIF in that it employs a graph-based problematic node identification approach to compute the score point. An important factor in determining the impact score is the ideal and predicted times for invasion detection. If the physical or cyber layer architecture of the test system is understood, then this index will work. This study assesses the effect of hacking on the UPG and the AOGC using the SUCIF index. Various IEEE test systems have used TBCIF scores to compare the intrusion effect, lending credence to the score. The smart grid network follows this index more closely.