Opportunities of Wearable antenna design in mm-Wave frequency range:A technical review

Establishing Human Body area networks(BANs)is essential for various applications for wearable and implantable devices embedded in the human body. 5G networks adapted to use millimeter wave and FR2 frequency ranges from 24.25GHz to 52.6 GHz.These high- frequency signals are vulnerable to retention by air gases. This higher frequency will offer a higher data rate, less latency, and high bandwidth, so more research is being done in this field. For wearable applications like smart watches and other medical IoT applications, it is essential to have conformal types of antennas with compact sizes. An antenna serving wide or narrow bandwidths must provide a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of less than or equal to 1.6 Watts/kg. Although ongoing 5G network provides significant advantages and antenna design regarding establishing human body area networks, there are several challenges such as high radiation to human tissues and bending effects since this Antenna is used in the human body. This paper compares different approaches to eliminating these obstacles and producing practical and valuable wearable antennas to provide human body area networks. This work emphasizes the design challenges of low specific absorption rate antennas for wearable applications in the 5G FR2 frequency range with high gain, its current developments, and possible future enhancements