Enhancing OWC System in Dense Fog through Hybrid Diversity Tech

Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) systems are increasingly deployed for high-speed data transmission, yet their performance is critically hindered by adverse weather conditions, particularly dense fog. Fog induces significant attenuation and scattering of optical signals, leading to reduced communication range and data throughput. This paper proposes a hybrid approach combining spatial and wavelength diversity techniques to mitigate the impact of dense fog on OWC systems. Spatial diversity utilizes multiple transmitters and receivers placed at strategic locations to create redundant communication paths, ensuring signal reception even when certain paths are heavily attenuated. Simultaneously, wavelength diversity employs multiple wavelengths for data transmission, capitalizing on the differential attenuation characteristics of fog across the spectrum. The hybrid strategy enhances system robustness by dynamically selecting the optimal combination of spatial paths and wavelengths, thereby maintaining reliable communication under varying fog densities. This dual-diversity method offers a scalable solution for enhancing the resilience of OWC systems in fog-prone environments, paving the way for more reliable optical wireless networks in diverse weather conditions.