Active Learning for High-Quality Sawtooth Wave Dataset Generation in Sleep Analysis

Sawtooth Waves (STW) that occur during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep are closely associated with memory consolidation and the regulation of brain functions. However, due to challenges in data acquisition and the high cost of manual annotation, there is currently an absence of a publicly massive STW annotated dataset. This study focuses on constructing a high-quality STW dataset, comprising 4912 samples from 200 participants, and developing classification algorithms for STW detection. We utilized three prevalent algorithms-Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-to assess the dataset's quality. The dataset achieved a maximum classification accuracy of 95.62% with the CNN, confirming the gold standard of STW dataset. Finally, we studied age and gender difference in physiological characteristics of STW, including average frequency of STW, peak-to-peak amplitude(PTP), root mean square(RMS) and spectrum power. This study created a public STW dataset and a STW detection model, laying the groundwork for analyzing the mechanisms of STW events.