Achieving High Efficiency in Ag-Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Defect Density and Layer Thickness Optimization

This work aims to minimize defect density and perovskite layer thickness in Ag-based perovskite solar cells thereby improving their performance. It is shown by careful investigation that obtaining high efficiency depends critically on reducing defect density and accurately regulating the perovskite layer thickness, preferably about 800 nm. Reduced defect densities help to minimize non-radiative recombination, thereby enhancing the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). Maximizing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cells depends on the best light absorption and effective charge carrier extraction ensured by the appropriate thickness. Advancing material engineering technologies will help to lower defect concentrations and improve charge carrier dynamics going forward. At low BDD and thickness optimize result is V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf>: 1.273V, J<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf> :- 25.525 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>, FF :-83.48 % and PCE 27.29%. Essential for commercial use, scalable manufacturing techniques must be developed to preserve homogeneity and stability across vast-area perovskite films. Important areas of study include also evaluating the long-term durability of optimal cells under real-world settings and investigating their incorporation into tandem solar cell arrangements for maximum efficiency. Aiming to contribute to sustainable energy solutions by means of the development of high-performance Ag-based perovskite solar cells, these efforts are in line with development, especially Affordable and Clean Energy and Climate Action.