LCLB: Low Cross-Chain Transaction Ratio and Load Balancing for Blockchain Sharding

As blockchain technology becomes widely applied, handling high volumes of transactions has become a critical challenge. Sharding has emerged as an effective solution to enhance the throughput of blockchain systems. Yet, this approach introduces challenges related to the frequency of cross-shard transactions and workload balancing. High rates of cross-shard transactions can slow overall processing speed and reduce throughput, while uneven load distribution can overburden some shards and underutilize others, impacting overall efficiency. To address these issues, this paper proposes a sharding method named LCLB. This method employs the concept of label propagation to pre-shard accounts with frequent transactions into a designated shard, ensuring a lower ratio of cross-shard transactions. It also uses an elastic load balancing algorithm to dynamically adjust the distribution of accounts, ensuring a relatively balanced processing load across all shards. Our results indicate that LCLB significantly enhances blockchain sharding performance,not only enhancing transaction throughput but also significantly reducing transaction confirmation latency, while ensuring a balanced load across various shards.