Rectenna-Based Wireless Power Transfer for Implantable Bioelectronic Devices

Implantable medical devices (IMDs), such as pacemakers, neurostimulators, and drug delivery systems, are being revolutionized by advancements in radio frequency (RF)-based wireless power transfer (WPT). This study focuses on the design and optimization of implantable rectennas, which convert electromagnetic radiation into DC power for IMDs. Key considerations include operating frequency, antenna dimensions, biocompatibility, and power conversion efficiency. A comprehensive human tissue model, incorporating safety parameters such as Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), is proposed to evaluate antenna performance in realistic conditions. The results highlight an impressive 88.65% RF-to-DC conversion efficiency, achieved through innovations in material science and advanced 3D printing techniques. These advancements not only improve the compactness and efficiency of rectennas but also open new possibilities for enhancing the reliability and safety of biomedical power systems.