A Comprehensive Survey on Enhancing Digital Twin Security Systems with Explainable AI Techniques

Digital Twin (DT) technology has emerged as a cornerstone in modern engineering, enabling real-time digital replication of physical assets for monitoring, diagnostics, and optimization. However, as DTs become increasingly integrated into critical infrastructure, their security has become a paramount concern. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the integration of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into Digital Twin security, highlighting the potential of XAI in enhancing the transparency, interpretability, and trustworthiness of AI - driven security mechanisms in DTs. We explore various XAI techniques, including model- agnostic approaches, interpretable neural networks, and rule-based systems, detailing their potential applications in bolstering the security of Digital Twins. Furthermore, we identify several key challenges in implementing XAI for DT security, such as the need for standardized metrics for interpretability, the trade-offs between model complexity and explainability, and the potential for adversarial attacks on explainable models. Through our analysis, we highlight the critical research gaps, including the security of Digital Twin (DT) systems and explores the integration of Explainable AI (XAI) to enhance transparency, interpretability, and trustworthiness. Outcomes include detailed XAI applications for DT security, identification of limitations, and a roadmap for future research. We discuss various XAI techniques, their applications, and the current challenges in implementing XAI for DT security. Our survey identifies key research gaps and offers a roadmap for future research in this emerging field.