Advances in Remote Sensing Technologies for Ecological Monitoring and Applications in Carbon Stock Estimation

This review explores recent advancements that are made in remote sensing, enabling detailed analysis of our ecosystem through high resolution and multispectral imaging. The recent advancements in remote sensing includes developments useful for generation of synthetic images using GAN such as StyleGAN3 and for estimation of carbon stocks in forest using OBIA. Ecotones like mangroves and saltmarsh are crucial for carbon sequestration but mapping them accurately was challenging due to spectral similarity and seasonal variations. Focusing on coastal protection by this review examines the mapping methodologies such as random forest classification, OBIA and FID for habitat distinction, canopy area assessment and analysis. Through these technologies data accuracy can be enhanced for better monitoring. This review concludes with a discussion of AI-powered image synthesis and classification.