Design and construction of the China Spallation Neutron Source
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is designed and constructed by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The construction of CSNS includes an 80-MeV Linac, a 1.6-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), two beam transport lines, a solid target station of 100 kW, three initial neutron instruments and other utility facilities. Based on limited funding and lack of experience in the high-power proton accelerator and the spallation target, the CSNS design was optimized to an advanced user faculty to fulfill the urgent user demand, with a high performance/cost ratio, and to have the capability for the CSNS phase two project (CSNS-II) to increase the beam power to 500 kW with less investment. The CSNS construction started in October 2011, and finished in March 2018 on schedule, and reached the acceptance parameters. Since then, CSNS has been operating efficiently and stably. In March 2024, the proton beam power on the target was increased to 160 kW. More than 1700 user experiments have been carried out so far, indicating a strong user demand. The design, construction and commissioning of CSNS are presented in this paper.
Authors
- Quan Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-4390)
- Lan Dong
- Bingyun Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-362X)
- Xin Qi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3635-7453)
- Li Ma
- Guey-Lin Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-1777)
- Wen Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-3628)
- Ling Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-9429)
- Junrong Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-5606)
- Guang Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5113-658X)
- Lunhua He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-2148)
- Min Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-5472)
- Shaoying Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0712-1687)
- Shinian Fu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-9908)
- Qingbin Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-4122)
- Jun Gu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-1169)
- Fuqing Chen
- Taoguang Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-0027)
- Jingyu Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-3783)
- Tao Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-0192)
- Haiyi Dong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7216-2875)
- Zhijia Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-621X)
- Yubin Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-3195)
- Sheng Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-6082)
- Jing Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-2352)
- Jun Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-7158)
- Wen Hui Yin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-9471)
- Kun He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8943-8671)
- Jian Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-3530)
- Ping Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-1846)
- Luyang Zhao
- Jinshu Huang
- J. Zhuang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-6339)
- Lianguan Shen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5871-3121)
- Huafu Ouyang
- Fangwei Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-7416)
- Chunming Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6331-1947)
- F. Z. Qi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-2620)
- Hong Sun
- Tianjiao Liang
- Juzhou Tao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-8486)
- Yuanbai Chen
- Linshu Wang
- H. S. Chen
- Huachang Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7220-2371)
- Wei He
- Y. M. Wu
- Jiwei Xi
- Huamin Qu
- Dapeng Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-9291)
- Xuejun Jia
Institutions
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- China Spallation Neutron Source (CN)
- Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
- Institute of Physics (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Published
- 2025-03-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170431
- Citations
- 9
- Primary Topic
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 16.94
Funders
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Government of Guangdong Province