Characteristics of hydroxyapatite/lignocellulose composites as stationary phase for the purification applications of phycobiliprotein from red algae

Abstract Considering the wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and biomedical research industries, developing protein sources that are nutritious, easy to cultivate, and environmentally friendly, like microalgae Porphyridium cruentum is crucial to realising the rising demand. This study aims to explore the potential aspects of hydroxyapatite/lignocellulose using phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from red algae that have been purified and determine the material characteristics such as crystallinity, structure-function relation, morphology, elemental composition, and purification ability that have been addressed. The HAp/lignocellulose was successfully synthesized using the precipitation method. X-ray diffraction results show that the highest diffraction peak of HAp is at an angle of 33.0° with a lattice plane (211). The characterization results showed that the size of HAp was 16.5 nm, and that of the HAp/lignocellulose composite was 34.9 nm. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed the presence of the Ca-O functional group, confirming the formation of HAp/lignocellulose. The UV-visible spectra showed absorption peaks at 220, 254, and 360 nm. Then, the purity value obtained from PBP crude extract reached 4.00 with a yield of 60%. Therefore, HAp/lignocellulose materials can be relied upon to purify PBPs and have high selectivity capabilities such as bioactivities against cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and antioxidants for future studies.