Morpho Genetic Variability and Anthocyanine (Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside) Concent of Indonesia Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a popular plant due to its colored calyces for herbal medicines and its stem for fibers. The development of new varieties of roselle with high-accumulating anthocyanins and productivity has become one of the breeding targets. Local varieties and selected accession roselle may be used as potential sources of important traits for breeding. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phenotypes, genetics, and anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) levels of four varieties and roselle accession with high yields that were grown at Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia. Results on phenotypic characterization in all genotypes showed variations in the red color intensities in flower organs. The color intensities of calyces and corollas are related; calyces with darker color intensities have darker color intensities in corollas. Genetic analysis using AFLP and RAPD markers revealed a high genetic diversity index, with average heterozygosity and diversity levels of 1 and 0.71 for AFLP and 0.995 and 0.63 for RAPD, respectively. The anthocyanin of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside levels ranged from 0.07 mg/100 g flower dry weight (FDW) in green roselle genotypes to 446 mg/100 g FDW in Roselindo 4. Two accession roselles, RUB1 and RUA7, showed the highest potential yields of dry calyx, reaching up to 600 kg/ha. Roselindo 4 has higher anthocyanins and RUB1 and RUA7 have higher potential yields. These are the parents we will use in the future for breeding new roselle cultivars that have higher anthocyanins and higher yields.