Spodoptera litura F. Immune System Against Exposure to the Biopesticide Mirabilis jalapa L.

<p>Synthetic insect repellent contributed to increasing farm products. This research studies the influence of an extract of <em>Mirabilis jalapa.</em> It is a vegetative insect repellent. It was applied to the polyphagous pest's cellular and humoral immune reactions, <em>Spodoptera litura</em>. This study targeted the body's resistant reaction to <em>S. litura</em> at the cellular and humoral tiers after contacting biopesticides from <em>M. jalapa</em> extracts. This research examined the process of cellular counteraction by assessing the varieties of hemocytes employing the ANOVA test and a phagocytosis test using percentages. The function of the humoral-resistant counteraction was assessed by phenoloxidase analysis employing the ANOVA test. The results demonstrated that a 0.2% <em>M. jalapa</em> concentrate solution noticeably affected the numbers of prohemocytes, granular cells, oenocytoid cells, and spherules compared to reference<em> </em>samples (p<0.05). Moreover, sub-lethal levels show noticeable kinds in PO enzyme levels (p<0.05), with a notable improvement after one hour of handling<em>.</em> Phagocytosis, on the other hand, demonstrated a drop in the ratio of phagocytic cells at 0.4% dose concentrations contrasted to the control group, suggesting a hidden impact on the pest's resistant response. This research reveals that the ability of <em>M. jalapa</em> extract as a biopesticide with immunosuppressive effects on <em>S. litura</em>.</p>