Analysis of risk factors for recurrence within 6 months after bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis

This study aims to investigate the causes and risk factors of recurrence within 6 months after transcatheter bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis. A retrospective observational study was conducted on the clinical data of 237 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and massive hemoptysis who relapsed within 6 months after bronchial artery embolization. Univariate analysis was first conducted to screen for risk factors with statistical significance, and then multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to infer the risk factors that might lead to the recurrence of hemoptysis. Twenty-four relapsed within 6 months after the operation, and the recurrence rate was 10.1% (24/237). Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that 6 risk factors were included in the regression model. The strength of the effect was as follows: postoperative lesion progression (odds ratio [OR] = 4.429, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.833-7.283), number of feeding arteries (OR = 2.592, 95% CI: 1.457-4.741), combined bronchiectasis (OR = 2.324, 95% CI: 1.912-5.682), presence of cavitation (OR = 1.933, 95% CI: 1.406-2.451), systemic-to-pulmonary shunt (OR = 1.596, 95% CI: 1.044-2.409), and lesion lobe distribution (OR = 1.056, 95% CI: 1.006-1.128). Postoperative lesion progression, a large number of feeding arteries, combined bronchiectasis, presence of cavities, existence of a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, and wide lesion distribution are independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence.