Role of Santal women in agriculture: A case study of the Mayurbhanj district in Odisha

The paper highlights the significant yet often underappreciated role of Santal women in agriculture of Mayurbhanj district in Odisha, where they actively participate in various farming activities, including sowing, transplanting, field preparation, and harvesting. Despite their crucial contributions to agricultural productivity, their labour remains largely undervalued both socially and economically. This study examines the gendered division of labour, which is shaped by traditional norms, cultural practices, and economic factors, revealing persistent challenges such as limited access to land ownership, financial resources, modern farming technologies, and extension services. Furthermore, it underscores their resilience in balancing agricultural responsibilities with household and caregiving duties. The findings advocate for gender-sensitive policies and targeted interventions to empower of the Santal women, ensuring their contributions are recognized and valued in the agrarian economy.