Review on clinical presentation and management on urolithiasis

Observational studies suggest that there is increasing prevalence rate through worldwide and it has an estimated recurrence risk of 50% probably due to modern life styles and dietary habits. Urolithiasis is a condition of formation of stones (or)caliculi in urinary bladder and or urethra which is characterised by extreme pain in ureter that radiates from flank to the groin or to the genital area and inner thigh. The renal or ureteral stones are of different types based on its mineral composition. The most common stones are struvite, calcium oxalate, urate, cystineand silica. Depending on the type and size of stones physician conclude the type of surgery. An in-depth comprehension regarding urolithiasis is required to provide treatment to the patient. There are several pharmacological and surgical management methods to treat the urolithiasis. Surgical methods include ureteroscopy, SWL (shock wave lithotripsy), ESWL(extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy), PCNL(percutaneous nephrolithotomy) and Pharmacological treatment includes Analgesics, Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists.