Energy‐Efficient Reliable Data Transmission Using Optimized Cyclone Foraging Strategy in <scp>5G</scp> Wireless Sensor Networks

ABSTRACT As a fundamental supporting technology of 5th Generation (5G) systems, wireless sensor networks (WSN) are handling a new challenge to enhance its energy‐efficient reliable transmission. However, energy usage and network lifetime are observed as challenging tasks because of limited battery capacity and open environments. The cyclone foraging strategy with beluga whale optimization (CFS‐BWO) is proposed for energy‐efficient reliable data transmission for 5G WSN. The CFS is applied for improving the exploitation phase of traditional BWO, where population transfers in spiral orientation among the best solutions. CFS‐BWO optimizes the routing and data aggregation process, which minimizes the energy usage and enhances the network lifetime. The average delay, residual energy, communication cost, and distance are adopted as fitness functions for optimizing the best solution in both CH and route path selection. The performance was calculated by the metrics of residual energy, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and delay across 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 rounds. The CFS‐BWO reaches residual energy of 0.87 J, PDR of 0.98, and delay of 15 ms for 1000 rounds when compared to optimal cluster‐based routing (Optimal‐CBR).