Design method of small-scale model of long-span steel structures based on copper

Small-scale model testing of large-span steel structures is an important method for studying their dynamic and static characteristics. Due to the large span and the limited size of shaking table, the similarity ratios are typically small. Due to the small dimensions of the members and joints in the small-scale model, fabricating it using prototype structural materials may face challenges. Small cross-section copper tubes are easier to customize, but research on small-scale models of large-span steel structures based on copper is limited. This paper explores the differences in yield strength and elastic modulus between copper and the prototype materials. It derives the similarity relationship between the copper-based small-scale model and the prototype structure using quasi-dimensional analysis and equation-based methods. The theoretical derivation is validated through finite element analysis, confirming the feasibility of the design. Additionally, the paper discusses the practical aspects of model fabrication, including copper tube processing, member-joint connections, and the attachment of additional masses, providing a theoretical reference for designing large-span steel structure small-scale models using copper.