Real-time organ perfusion monitoring of human kidney transplants using <i>ex vivo</i> normothermic perfusion and reflectance spectroscopy
Transplantation is the standard treatment for end-stage kidney disease but carries with it a non-trivial risk of post-operative complication. There is a need for a continuous, real-time, not additionally invasive method of monitoring organ perfusion. We present an approach to allograft perfusion monitoring using a human kidney model using <i>ex vivo</i> normothermic perfusion (EVNP) and custom spectroscopic optical reflectance probes. Five discarded human kidneys underwent EVNP, spectroscopic measurement and were subjected to perfusion compromising events (rejection, thrombosis or haemorrhage). Oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin spectra were fitted to the spectra acquired from the kidneys in order to estimate the oxygen saturation. Average oxygen saturations before the perfusion compromising events were estimated to be higher than after (or similar in the control cases). Changes in oxygen saturation estimated from measurements made continuously were synchronized well with changes in renal blood flow index measurements. This proof of concept study proves promising in identifying a technique for continuous monitoring of perfusion and oxygenation of a transplanted kidney <i>in vivo</i> with minimal additional invasiveness.
Authors
- Chris Callaghan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-4152)
- Anthony Dorling (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3102-2600)
- Beverley J. Hunt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-0774)
- John C. C. Day (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-5065)
- Nizam Mamode (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8549-9098)
- Wesley Nathan Hayes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-6945)
- Raphael Uwechue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-2862)
- Nicos Kessaris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-7003)
- Pankaj Chandak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-5965)
- Benedict L. Phillips (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-7100)
- David Bennett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9600-8976)
Institutions
- Guy's Hospital (GB)
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Kings Health Partners (GB)
- St. Thomas Hospital (CA)
- Interface (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Royal Society Open Science
- Published
- 2025-03-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.242008
- Primary Topic
- Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Kidney Research UK
- Royal College of Surgeons of England
- Rosetrees Trust
- Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol
- Medical Research Council