Allergic Contact Dermatitis Induced by Modern Wound Dressings: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risks and Allergenic Components

Modern wound dressings have revolutionised wound care, offering optimal healing environments. However, their widespread use has led to a significant increase in allergic reactions, particularly among patients with chronic leg ulcers. The complex chemical compositions of these dressings can trigger allergic responses. This study investigated allergens in wound dressings for leg ulcers. A comprehensive analysis of seventy-three commonly used dressings in Belgium identified prevalent allergenic components across various types. A centralised database was created to catalogue this information. The study found that hydrocolloids and hydrogels are more likely to cause allergies due to substances like, colophony and propyleneglycol respectively. Hydrofibre, alginate and nonadhesive dressings demonstrated lower risks. Carboxymethylcellulose emerged as a frequent allergen. Patch-testing for patients with leg ulcers is recommended to better identify specific allergens. This study helps healthcare professionals select the most suitable dressings, reducing allergy risks and improving wound healing. However, current legislation limits access to the full composition of dressings, hindering the identification of all potential allergens. Overall, this study is a significant step towards understanding and addressing allergy risks associated with wound dressings, improving care for patients with leg ulcers.