4CPS-040 Evaluation of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in low, moderate, and high emetic chemotherapy between sexes

<h3>Background and Importance</h3> Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the adverse events that most interfere with the quality of life of oncologic patients. The most important factor influencing CINV has been reported to be the emetic potential of chemotherapy. However, other factors like young age, female sex, poor functional status, cancer type, pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, susceptibility to motion sickness and non-habitual alcohol and tobacco consumption, may influence CINV. Nevertheless, in clinical practice, males and females still receive the same antiemetic prophylaxis. <h3>Aim and Objectives</h3> We compared CINV between sexes in patients with different emetic risk schemes (high, moderate and low) and evaluated the predisposing factors and main adverse effects caused by antiemetics. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from February 2023 to May 2024 in naïve chemotherapy patients. CINV was evaluated using MASCC antiemetic tool, in acute (&lt;24h) and delayed phase (24–120h). Results were analysed using χ² test or Fisher’s exact test. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) rate, defined as no CINV and no use of rescue drugs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify patient-related risk factors associated with non-CR. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 176 completed questionnaires (CQ): 94 for males and 82 for females, from 54 patients were collected. The proportion of males who remained emesis-free was superior to females in the acute phase (100% versus 92.7%, p=0.009). Likewise, a higher proportion of males remained nausea-free in the acute (91.5% versus 79.3%, p=0.021) and delayed phase (90.4% versus 79.3%, p=0.037). In males, no predisposing factors were identified, while in females, young age (&lt;60 years) and previous nausea and vomiting during pregnancy may contribute to non-CR. A high proportion of patients reported adverse events like constipation and insomnia. Females suffered more constipation than males (52.4% versus 37.2%,p=0.043). <h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3> Males and females do not experience CINV similarly. Females experienced more CINV than males, with the consequences that entails, especially in quality of life. We provide valuable information for managing CINV according to gender, allowing early identification of patients at higher risk. Antiemetic prophylaxis should be personalised, considering sex and age and not only the chemotherapy emetic potential. <h3>References and/or Acknowledgements</h3> <h3>Conflict of Interest</h3> No conflict of interest