Exploring Ethical, Cultural, and Transnational Competence Among International Healthcare Management Students: An Australian Perspective

The findings underscore the importance of transnational training programs that integrate cultural orientation, healthcare-specific language support, and ethical decision-making simulations. The Ethical, Cultural, and Transnational framework developed in this study provides a practical guide for embedding these competencies into leadership curricula, equipping international students to navigate the complexities of globalized healthcare systems effectively.