A case of Leptospirosis and Urethral Obstruction in a 4-year-old Russian Shepherd Bitch

Leptospirosis, a disease caused by infectious Leptospira bacteria, can be found worldwide in soil and water. There are many strains of Leptospira bacteria that can cause disease, and many mammals are susceptible; such as dogs, livestock, wildlife and even humans while urinary tract obstruction is typically caused by stones in the urethra. A 4-year-old Russian Shepherd bitch weighing 46kg was presented to the University of Jos, Veterinary Teaching Hospital with the main complaint of enlarged abdomen and vomiting. The client mentioned that the condition was noticed 2 months prior to presentation. History further revealed that the bitch was fed with commercial poultry feed and it had no vaccination history. On physical examination; the vital parameters were temperature: 39.7oC, pulse rate: 118 beats/minute, respiratory rate: 24 cycles/minutes. Clinical findings include rough hair coat, emaciation, edematous limbs, distended abdomen, anuria, ascites, yellowish ocular mucous membranes and vomiting. Haematological results revealed decreased haemaglobin concentration, packed cell volume and marked leukocytosis coupled with neutrophilia. Biochemical results displayed elevated hepatic enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and blood urea nitrogen. The abdomino-pelvic ultrasonography revealed a distinct ancheoic area in the right proximal quadrant of the abdomen, diffuse hyperechoic area within the urinary bladder and kinked urethral lumen. Based on the clinical findings and laboratory results obtained, a diagnosis of leptospirosis and urethral obstruction was made and duly managed. However, client was advised to avoid using poultry feeds to feed dogs, observe strict adherence to the use of drugs and prompt presentation of sick pet to the nearest veterinary clinic.