The mental health of children exposed to intimate partner violence: A systematic literature review

Purpose: This systematic literature review examines the differences in mental health outcomes among children exposed to intimate partner violence, focusing on age and gender variations. Background: While much of the existing research has centered on adult victims of IPV, fewer studies have systematically analyzed its effects on children and how these impacts differ based on developmental stages and gender. Design and Sample: Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review evaluates 25 quantitative studies published from 2007 to 2024, with sample sizes ranging from small cohorts of 41 children to larger groups exceeding 5,000 participants. Results: The findings indicate that younger children exposed to IPV often face immediate behavioral issues and cognitive disruptions. In contrast, older children are more likely to experience complex emotional challenges, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gender differences are also apparent: boys typically display externalizing behaviors such as aggression, while girls are more prone to internalizing their distress, leading to higher rates of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: These patterns suggest that socialization and coping mechanisms vary significantly by gender. This review emphasizes the need for age- and gender-responsive interventions tailored to the specific mental health needs of children. It advocates for resilience-building, emotional regulation, and supportive coping strategies.