PCA and t-SNE Implementation for KNN Hypertension Classification Visualization

Hypertension is a condition that, if allowed to increase, can significantly injure internal organs due to high blood pressure. The objective of this study is to use the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm along with PCA and t-SNE to accurately identify four categories of Hypertension, Normal, Hypertension, Stage 1 Hypertension, and Stage 2 Hypertension. After establishing the scope, a dataset consisting of 7,794 samples was sourced from Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, Makassar, and contained age, weight, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure parameters. The class distribution is Normal (36.3%), Hypertension (43.12%), Stage 1 Hypertension (8.29%), and Stage 2 Hypertension (12.31%). Experimental results show that the KNN base model achieved 99% accuracy, KNN with PCA reached 100%, and KNN with t-SNE attained 99%. Cross-validation was used to evaluate model generalization, yielding accuracies of 91%, 94%, and 91%, respectively. These findings suggest that KNN, particularly when integrated with t-SNE, is highly effective in visualizing and classifying non-linear data structures. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that incorporating dimensionality reduction techniques enhances the interpretability of classified hypertension data, which is crucial for informed decision-making by mental health committees.