Exploring prolate ellipsoidal dust transport in free-molecule flows using flux density calculation and Euler's laws

Gas–dust coupling arises in natural and artificial settings, from low-pressure gas environments to micro/nanoscale systems. This research focuses on modeling the transport dynamics of prolate ellipsoidal dust in free-molecule flows and investigates how particle shape affects momentum, energy, and mass transfer. By integrating gas molecule flux density solutions and applying Euler's laws of motion, we observe an exponential decrease in the angular velocity of these particles, alongside a gradual reorientation of their rotational axis. Our results in this work demonstrate that slender prolate ellipsoidal dust experiences accelerated changes in translational velocity, temperature, and gas coverage compared to their spherical counterparts in free-molecule flows. This study pioneers the simulation of non-spherical dust dynamics without fixed rotational constraints, utilizing Euler's laws to pave the way for future investigations.