Photovoltaic Technology in Industrial and Building Applications: A Path Toward Sustainable Energy

The rising global demand for sustainable energy solutions has established photovoltaic (PV) technology as a crucial component in the shift to renewable energy. This study examines current improvements in photovoltaic systems, emphasising material innovations, smart grid integration, and energy storage technologies that improve efficiency and dependability. The research emphasises the significance of high-efficiency solar cells, including perovskite and bifacial technologies, in enhancing energy production. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitate advanced energy management. Incorporating solar systems in industrial applications and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has shown considerable economic and environmental advantages. Notwithstanding obstacles like elevated early expenditures, scalability issues, and regulatory impediments, ongoing technical progress and favourable policies are anticipated to propel additional commercialisation. This article examines market trends, competitiveness, and the future potential of photovoltaic technology in developing a sustainable energy ecosystem.