A general methodological framework for hazard assessment in remote mountain areas combining geomorphological mapping with UAV survey

Abstract This paper presents a standardised workflow for conducting hazard assessments of mass wasting processes in remote mountain areas with limited data. The methodology integrates geomorphological mapping and remote sensing techniques and is adaptable to different national standards, thus ensuring its applicability in a variety of contexts. The principal objective is to guarantee the safety of mountainous regions, particularly in the vicinity of essential infrastructure, where the scope for implementing structural measures is restricted. The framework commences with comprehensive geomorphological mapping, which facilitates the identification of past hazardous processes and potential future hazards. New technologies, such as uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), are employed to create high-resolution DEMs, which are particularly beneficial in regions with limited data availability. These models facilitate the assessment of potential hazards and inform decisions regarding protective measures. The utilisation of UAVs enhances the accuracy and efficiency of data collection, particularly in remote mountainous regions where alternative remotely sensed information may be unavailable. The integration of modern approaches into traditional hazard assessment methods allows for a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of factors driving mass wasting processes. This workflow provides valuable insights that assist in the prioritisation of interventions and the optimisation of risk reduction in high mountainous areas.