Optimized Energy Management in Solar-Powered Parking Lot with Integrating Green Hydrogen Storage

This paper presents an optimized energy management system for a solar-powered parking lot integrated with green hydrogen storage. The proposed system uses photovoltaic (PV) panels to generate electricity, which is either used for charging electric vehicles (EVs) or converted into hydrogen for storage via a water electrolyzer. The stored hydrogen not only powers fuel cells to generate electricity during periods of low solar output, but also directly supplies hydrogen vehicles (HVs), ensuring continuous energy availability for both EVs and HVs. The energy management model aims to minimize operational costs and enhance system reliability by efficiently distributing solar energy between EV charging, hydrogen production, and hydrogen supply for HVs. The optimization process is conducted using the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO) algorithm, which ensures the system's robust performance under varying solar conditions and energy demands. Simulation results demonstrate that integrating green hydrogen storage significantly improves energy efficiency, reduces reliance on the grid, and lowers overall operating costs by 1.6%.