Efficient Route Map Selection Using Cat Swarm Optimization with Multi-Hop Communication in Vehicular Adhoc Network

VANETs are a popular method for communication between nearby and stationary vehicles. VANETs enhance intelligent communication technology significantly, yet they face challenges like vehicle speed, dynamic topology, and routing complexities leading to communication disruptions. Various devices such as RSUs, OBUs, and dedicated short-range systems form the network, relying on inter-vehicular and infrastructure-based communication. This model introduces a unique two-layer vehicle node organization, allowing cars and buses to transmit, receive, and relay packets. The system emphasizes reduced node density and consistent path selection, employing AODV for multi-path routing. Inspired by cat behavior, the SCCSO method streamlines the optimization process, ensuring efficient energy utilization and routing path optimization. This paper presents a novel ERCSO for VANETs, focusing on energy efficiency and network stability. The proposed model employs multi-path routing using AODV and SCCSO to optimize paths based on node density and consistency. Through ns3 simulations, ERCSO is compared against existing methods, showcasing superior energy efficiency, consumption, delay reduction, throughput, and data delivery performance.