Optimal sizing of on-grid solar-battery system considering cost, reliability and emission

This study focuses on the optimal sizing on solar PV hybrid systems, taking into account the cost implications, reliability and emissions. Renewable energy sources, particularly solar PV is beginning to have reduced operational costs and environmental benefits, making it a desirable sustainable energy solution. However, combining the assessment of cost, reliability and environmental impact makes the sizing process challenging, turning it into a multi criteria decision making problem. This paper uses a metaheuristic optimization method called Leaders and Followers (LaF) algorithm to determine the best economical, reliable and low emission configuration for an on-grid solar PV hybrid system. The findings demonstrate that larger PV and battery systems minimize grid dependence and emissions while increasing dependability, providing practical advice for optimal solar PV hybrid design in commercial and industrial applications.