Parasitic Patch Antenna with Beam Switching for 5G Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

This paper presents a novel millimeter-wave (mmWave) antenna design for 5G applications, featuring a parasitic elliptical patch antenna with beam-switching capabilities and coaxial feeding. The antenna was initially designed as a single-element patch antenna for the 28 GHz mmWave band, demonstrating favorable impedance matching and broadside radiation patterns. Circular parasitic patches with and without vias were strategically placed around the main radiator to enhance the radiation pattern and gain. The single-element design achieved an impedance bandwidth of 2.7 GHz (26.8-29.5 GHz) and a gain of 7.5 dBi at 28 GHz. The optimized parasitic structure, consisting of carefully positioned open and short circular patches, significantly improved the antenna's performance. The parasitic design exhibited an enhanced return loss of -30.5 dB, indicating excellent impedance matching, and a gain of approximately 8 dBi. The proposed antenna exhibits enhanced performance characteristics in terms of gain, return loss, and beam steering capabilities, and it is suitable for next-generation wireless communication systems.