A Cost Effective Methodology to Control Robotic Movements Based on Mobile Application and IoT Enabled Controller

In this study, we present a cost-effective methodology for controlling robotic movements using a mobile application and an IoT-enabled controller. Our system utilizes an ESP8266 microcontroller, various sensors, and a mobile app to communicate commands to the robot via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The system's performance was evaluated based on key parameters, including response time, movement accuracy, energy consumption, and wireless communication stability. The response time for Wi-Fi ranged from 50ms at 1 meter to 240ms at 45 meters, while Bluetooth achieved faster response times of 30ms to 240ms over the same distances. Movement accuracy tests showed minimal deviation on smooth surfaces, with deviations as low as 1.0 cm, but higher errors on uneven terrain and grass, reaching up to 5.0 cm during complex movements. Bluetooth showed a power efficiency advantage, consuming 30-40% less power than Wi-Fi. Signal strength for Bluetooth remained stable up to 25 meters, while Wi-Fi was more reliable for longer distances but exhibited degraded performance beyond 30 meters. The total system cost was kept under USD 50, demonstrating its affordability for educational and industrial applications. This project successfully achieved its goal of creating a low-cost, efficient, and responsive robotic control system.